Kerala

History

Welcome to the captivating narrative of a land adorned with lush greenery, serene backwaters, and a rich cultural heritage - the captivating state of Kerala, situated in the southern part of India. Kerala, often referred to as "God's Own Country," is renowned for its enchanting beauty, vibrant traditions, and fascinating history.

The history of Kerala is a tapestry woven with threads of ancient civilizations, colonial conquests, and cultural exchanges. Dating back to ancient times, Kerala has been inhabited by various indigenous communities, with evidence suggesting human presence in the region as far back as the Paleolithic era.

One of the defining periods in Kerala's history is the rise of the powerful kingdoms that once flourished in the region. Among these, the Chera dynasty holds a prominent place. The Cheras, known for their maritime prowess and trade relations with distant lands, played a significant role in shaping Kerala's cultural landscape.

Throughout its history, Kerala has been a melting pot of diverse cultures and influences. The region's strategic location along the ancient spice routes attracted traders and travelers from different parts of the world, including the Greeks, Romans, Arabs, and Chinese. This cultural exchange enriched Kerala's heritage, leaving behind a legacy that is evident in its art, architecture, cuisine, and festivals.

During the medieval period, Kerala witnessed the arrival of European powers vying for control over its lucrative trade networks. The Portuguese were the first to establish a foothold in Kerala, followed by the Dutch and the British. The colonial era left an indelible mark on Kerala's history, shaping its socio-economic and political dynamics.

One of the most remarkable aspects of Kerala's history is its tradition of social reform movements. From the struggle against caste discrimination to the promotion of education and gender equality, Kerala has been at the forefront of progressive movements. Visionaries like Sree Narayana Guru, Ayyankali, and Pandit Karuppan spearheaded efforts to usher in social change and empower marginalized communities.

Kerala's journey to becoming a modern, progressive state is also marked by its achievements in various fields. From achieving high literacy rates to implementing innovative healthcare initiatives, Kerala has garnered international acclaim for its development model, often dubbed the "Kerala model."

Today, Kerala stands as a shining example of harmony amidst diversity, where different religions, languages, and cultures coexist peacefully. Its picturesque landscapes, vibrant festivals, and warm hospitality continue to attract travelers from across the globe, eager to explore its timeless charm.

In conclusion, the history of Kerala is a saga of resilience, adaptation, and cultural exchange. From its ancient roots to its modern achievements, Kerala's journey is a testament to the enduring spirit of its people and the timeless allure of its land.

Climate

The climate of this region is characterized by its tropical monsoon climate.

With its proximity to the Arabian Sea, the climate of this region is heavily influenced by the sea.

The climate can be broadly classified into four seasons: winter, summer, southwest monsoon, and northeast monsoon.

Winter in this region is relatively mild, with temperatures ranging from 23°C to 32°C.

During the winter months, the region experiences dry and pleasant weather, making it an ideal time for tourists to visit.

Summer in this region is typically hot and humid, with temperatures soaring as high as 35°C to 40°C.

During the summer months, the region experiences occasional thunderstorms, providing relief from the scorching heat.

The southwest monsoon, which arrives in June and lasts until September, brings heavy rainfall to the region.

This period is known as the "wet season," and Kerala receives the majority of its annual rainfall during this time.

The northeast monsoon, which occurs from October to December, brings another spell of rainfall to the region.

While the rainfall during the northeast monsoon is less intense compared to the southwest monsoon, it still contributes significantly to the region's overall precipitation.

Overall, Kerala receives abundant rainfall, with an average annual precipitation of around 3000 to 4000 millimeters.

The diverse topography of this region, including its coastal plains, hills, and backwaters, contributes to variations in climate across different parts of the state.

While the coastal areas experience a maritime climate with relatively high humidity, the highlands and mountainous regions enjoy cooler temperatures.

Despite the variations in climate, Kerala's weather is known for its predictability, with distinct seasons marking the passage of time.

The climate of this region plays a crucial role in shaping its biodiversity, supporting lush forests, diverse flora, and fauna.

However, in recent years, Kerala has also witnessed the impact of climate change, including rising temperatures, erratic rainfall patterns, and extreme weather events.

Efforts are underway to mitigate the effects of climate change and promote sustainable development practices in the region.

Overall, the climate of this region is a defining aspect of its identity, influencing its economy, culture, and way of life.

Geography

This region boasts diverse geography, ranging from coastal plains to highlands and backwaters.

The coastal plains, bordered by the Arabian Sea, stretch along the western edge of the region, offering stunning beaches and fertile land for agriculture.

As one moves inland, the terrain gradually rises, giving way to the Western Ghats, a mountain range that runs parallel to the coast.

The Western Ghats, designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, are known for their rich biodiversity, with dense forests, sparkling rivers, and cascading waterfalls.

Among the notable peaks in this region is Anamudi, the highest mountain peak in India outside the Himalayas, offering breathtaking views of the surrounding landscape.

The highlands of this region are characterized by their cool climate, making them a popular retreat for tourists seeking respite from the heat.

One of the most iconic features of this region is its network of backwaters, consisting of interconnected lakes, rivers, and canals.

The backwaters are a lifeline for the local communities, serving as a means of transportation, irrigation, and livelihood.

Exploring the backwaters on a traditional houseboat, known as a kettuvallam, offers a unique glimpse into the rustic charm of the region.

Amidst the lush greenery and tranquil waters, one can witness the traditional way of life along the banks of the backwaters, where fishing, farming, and coir-making are integral to the local economy.

Besides its natural beauty, this region is also home to several wildlife sanctuaries and national parks, providing sanctuary to a variety of species, including elephants, tigers, and exotic birds.

Periyar National Park, located in the heart of the Western Ghats, is renowned for its tiger reserve and scenic beauty, offering opportunities for wildlife safaris and trekking adventures.

In addition to its terrestrial wonders, this region is blessed with a vibrant marine ecosystem, with the Arabian Sea teeming with diverse marine life.

The coastline is dotted with picturesque fishing villages, where fishermen ply their trade using age-old techniques passed down through generations.

The geography of this region plays a significant role in shaping its culture, economy, and way of life, with each landscape offering a unique set of opportunities and challenges.

Despite its geographical diversity, this region is united by its natural beauty and warm hospitality, welcoming visitors from far and wide to experience its wonders.

City List

Check out all the cities in Kerala: Abdu Rahiman Nagar, Adat, Adichanalloor, Adinad, Adoor, Aimanam, Ajanur, Akathiyoor, Ala, Alamcode, Alamcode Thiruvananthapuram District, Alappuzha, Alathur, Alur, Aluva, Amballur, Ancharakandy Kerala, Angadipuram, Angamaly, Anthicad, Ariyallur, Arookutty, Aroor, Athirampuzha, Athiyannur, Atholi, Attingal, Avanur, Avinissery, Avittathur, Ayancheri, Ayanivelikulangara, Azhikode, Azhiyur, Azhoor, Balusseri, Bangramanjeshwar, Beypore, Bharanikkavu, Brahmakulam, Chala, Chalakudy, Changanacherry, Chavakkad, Chavara, Chekkiad, Chelakkara, Chelannur, Cheleri, Chelora, Chemancheri, Chendamangalam, Chendrappini, Chengala, Chengamanad, Chengannur, Chennithala, Cheppad, Cheranallur, Cheriyamundam, Cherthala, Cherukavu, Cheruthazham, Cheruthuruthi, Chevvoor, Chingoli, Chirakkal, Chiramanangad, Chiranellur, Chittanda, Chittur-Thathamangalam, Chockli, Choolissery, Choondal, Choornikkara, Chowwara, Desamangalam, Dharmadom, Edacheri, Edakkode, Edappal, Edathala, Edathirinji, Edathiruthy, Edavilangu, Elampalloor, Elayavoor, Eloor, Enkakkad, Eramala, Eramalloor, Eranellur, Eranholi, Erattupetta, Eravattur, Eravu, Ernakulam, Eruvatti, Ettumanoor, Eyyal, Feroke, Guruvayur, Haripad, Hosabettu, Idukki Township, Irikkur, Irimbiliyam, Iringal, Iringaprom, Irinjalakuda, Iriveri, Iroopara, Kadachira, Kadamakkudy, Kadannappalli, Kadavallur, Kadikkad, Kadirur, Kadungalloor, Kaipamangalam, Kalady, Kalady Ernakulam District, Kalamassery, Kallelibhagom, Kallettumkara, Kalliasseri, Kalliyoor, Kallur- Thekkummuri, Kalpetta, Kandamkunnu, Kandanassery, Kanhangad, Kanhirode, Kaniyarkode, Kanjikkuzhi, Kanjikode Industrial Area, Kanjiramkulam, Kannadiparamba, Kannamangalam, Kannamangalam Alappuzha District, Kannapuram, Kannur, Karamuck, Karikkad, Karivellur, Kariyannur, Karthikappally, Karunagappally, Karuvanthuruthy, Kasaragod, Kattakampal, Kattanam, Kattappana, Kattipparuthi, Kattur, Kayamkulam, Keekan, Keerikkad, Keezhallur, Keezhariyur, Kinfra Small Industries Park, Kizhakkummuri, Kizhuparamba, Kizhuppillikkara, Kizhuvalam -Koonthalloor, Kochi, Kodungallur, Kodur, Koipady, Kolacherry, Kolavelloor, Kolazhy, Kollam, Komalapuram, Kondotty, Koodali, Koothali, Koothuparamba, Koottilangadi, Koratty, Kothamangalam, Kottakal, Kottamkara, Kottappally, Kottappuram, Kottarakkara, Kottayam, Kottayam-Malabar, Kottuvally, Kovalam, Kozhenchery, Kozhikode, Kozhukkallur, Kozhukkully, Krishnapuram, Kudlu, Kulasekharapuram, Kulathummal, Kumarakom, Kumaranellur, Kumarapuram, Kumbalangy, Kumily, Kunjathur, Kunnamkulam, Kunnathunad, Kunnummal, Kurattissery, Kureekkad, Kurumathur, Kurumpilavu, Kuruvattur, Kuthiathode, Kuttiattoor, Kuttippuram, Madhur, Malappuram, Manakkody, Manakunnam, Manalur, Manantheri, Manavalassery, Mangalpady, Mangattidam, Maniyat, Maniyoor, Maniyur, Manjeri, Manjeshwar, Mannanchery, Mannar, Mannarkad-I, Marampilly, Marancheri, Marathakkara, Mattannur, Mavelikkara, Mavilayi, Mavoor, Mayyanad, Mayyil, Meenad, Menhaniam, Meppayyur, Mokeri, Moonniyur, Muhamma, Mulamthuruthy, Mulavukad, Mullassery, Mundathikode, Munderi, Munnar, Muthukulam, Muthuthala, Muvattupuzha, Muzhappilangad, Nadapuram, Nadathara, Naduvannur, Naduvattom, Nanmanda, Nannambra, Narath, Nattakam, Nedumangad, Nedumpana, Nedumpura, Neduva, Nelluwaya, Nenmenikkara, New Mahe, Neyyattinkara, Nilambur, Njarackal, North -Thrikkaripur, Oachira, Olavanna, Ongallur- I, Ongallur- II, Othukkungal, Ottappalam, Padiyam, Padiyur, Paduvilayi, Palai, Palakkad, Palayad, Palissery, Pallichal, Pallikkal, Pallikkara, Pallikkunnu, Pallippuram, Pallippuram Thiruvananthapuram District, Pallippuram Thrissur District, Paluvai, Panachikkad, Panangad, Panangad Kozhikode District, Panayam, Panmana, Panniyannur, Panoor, Pantheeramkavu, Pappinisseri, Pappinivattom, Parakkad, Parappukkara, Parappur, Parassala, Parasuvaikkal, Paravoor, Paravur, Pariyaram, Pathanamthitta, Pathirappally, Pathiriyad, Pathiyoor, Pattiom, Pavaratty, Payyannur, Pazhanji, Peermade, Perakam, Peralasseri, Perinad, Peringathur, Perinjanam, Perinthalmanna, Perole, Perumanna, Perumbaikad, Perumbavoor, Peruvallur, Pilicode, Pinarayi, Ponmundam, Ponnani, Poomangalam, Poothakkulam, Porathissery, Pottore, Pudussery Central, Pudussery West, Pullur, Punalur, Punnayur, Punnayurkulam, Puranattukara, Puthencruz, Puthukkad, Puthunagaram, Puthuppally, Puthur, Puzhathi, Quilandy, Ramanattukara, Shiriya, Shoranur, South - Thrikkaripur, Talakkad, Talikkulam, Taliparamba, Tanalur, Thaikattussery, Thaikkad, Thalakkulathur, Thalassery, Thangalur, Thanniyam, Thazhakara, Thazhecode, Thazhuthala, Thekkumkara, Thennala, Thikkody, Thirumittacode-II, Thirunavaya, Thiruvalla, Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvankulam, Thodiyoor, Thodupuzha, Thottada, Thrikkadavoor, Thrikkaruva, Thrikkovilvattom, Thrippunithura, Thrissur, Thrithala, Thuneri, Thurayur, Tirur, Tirurangadi, Trikkur, Triprangode, Udma, Uliyazhathura, Ulliyeri, Uppala, Urakam, Vadakara, Vadakkekad, Vadakkumkara, Vadakkummuri, Vadakkumthala, Vadama, Vadanappally, Vaikom, Vakkom, Valapattanam, Valayam, Vallachira, Vandiperiyar, Vaniyamkulam-II, Varam, Varappuzha, Varkala, Vattappara, Vayalar, Vazhakkala, Vazhakulam, Vazhayur, Veiloor, Vellanikkara, Velur, Veluthur, Venganoor, Vengara, Vengola, Venkitangu, Venmanad, Vilappil, Villiappally, Vylathur, Vythiri and Wadakkanchery.